Publications

What is automatic text classification? In automatic text classification, a computer system has the job of assigning texts to defined categories. In some applications the system itself decides how to define the categories (classes) of texts. For example, if someone wants to classify the latest news reports, but is...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a type of computer system whose task is to imitate actions performed by a human. How can we evaluate whether an AI system performs its task effectively? I will try to answer that question in this blog. Artificial intelligence in games For a long time it was...

What is morphological analysis and what is it used for? Morphological analysis is used to determine how a word is built up. The result of such analysis might be the statement that, for example, the word classes is made up of the stem class and the ending -es, which...

How a human reads text How does a child normally learn to read in its native language? First it gets to know all the graphical symbols (letters, punctuation marks, accent marks, and so on) that are used to write that language. Next it learns the relationships between symbols and...

The idea of using numbers to represent words, or texts made up of words, is “as old as time”. Texts are converted into number sequences in a process of encryption; then in the process of decryption the reverse operation is performed, in a manner known only to the intended recipient....

One of the main advantages of storing documents in digital form is the ease of searching them for particular words and phrases. If you had the paper version of the book A Game of Thrones, and you wanted to find the first time the character name “Daenerys” appeared,...

Four elements of computer conversation For a computer to be able to conduct a conversation like a human, it needs to master four elements of dialogue: Speech recognition Speech recognition is a process in which the computer listens to a human utterance and converts it to written form. The process can be seen...

The easiest way to process texts It is commonly believed that the processing of text documents requires knowledge of a high-level programming language. A decade or so ago it was considered proper to have good knowledge of the Perl language, while today a specialist in the field “absolutely must” have...

Classification and regression In a previous post on this blog I discussed the task of classification, which involves determining automatically which class a given object belongs to. A classification system assigns to each object a class label, where the number of possible labels is defined in advance. In regression, on the...

What is a model? A model is a representation of some entity, serving to make it easier to work with. A model is often a miniature version of an object. When playing with a miniature model of an aeroplane, a child can add or subtract various components – mount wings, for example,...

What does “natural language” mean? A natural language is a language used by humans to communicate with each other, like English, Polish, etc. It contrasts, for example, with a programming language (Java, Python, etc.), which is used by humans to give instructions to a computer. What is natural language processing? Natural...

Does machine translation use artificial intelligence? By artificial intelligence, we mean a computer system carrying out tasks that require a computational environment of a complexity comparable to that of the human brain. The term artificial intelligence is not applied to the ability to add numbers, for example, as this can be...

How can we determine whether an automatic translation system is doing its job – that is, translating texts correctly and preserving the original meaning? How should we compare the quality of two translation systems so as to choose the one that best meets our needs? I will be...

Web-based training (WBT), which consists of remote learning via the Internet or an intranet, is constantly growing in popularity. In the coronavirus era, it has become indispensable. Let’s take a quick look at the elements that usually feature in a remote education platform. Component elements can basically be divided into...